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<title>Vlas Chubar</title>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the town in Iran, see <a href="Chubar" title="Chubar">Chubar</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this name that follows <a href="East_Slavic_naming_customs" class="mw-redirect" title="East Slavic naming customs">East Slavic naming customs</a>, the <a href="Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> is <i> Yakovlevich</i> and the <a href="Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <i> Chubar</i>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Vlas Chubar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="ru"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">

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</style><span class="nobold">Влас Чубарь</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Chubar in 1938</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="Ministry_of_Finance_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Finance (Soviet Union)">People's Commissar for Finance</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>16 August 1937 – 19 January 1938</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Premier</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Hryhoriy_Hrynko" title="Hryhoriy Hrynko">Hryhoriy Hrynko</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Arseny_Zverev" title="Arseny Zverev">Arseny Zverev</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd <a href="List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Ukraine">Chairman</a> of the <a href="Government_of_Ukraine" title="Government of Ukraine">Council of People's Commissars</a> of the <a href="Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>15 July 1923 – 28 April 1934</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Premier</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Alexey_Rykov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexey Rykov">Alexey Rykov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Christian_Rakovsky" title="Christian Rakovsky">Christian Rakovsky</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Panas_Lyubchenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Panas Lyubchenko">Panas Lyubchenko</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Candidate member of the <a href="14th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">14th</a>, <a href="15th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">15th</a>, <a href="16th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">16th</a>, <a href="17th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="17th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">17th</a> <a href="Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Politburo</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>3 November 1926 – 1 February 1935</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Vlas Yakovlevich Chubar</div><br><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1891-02-10</span>)</span>10 February 1891<br><a href="Fedorivka%2C_Polohy_Raion%2C_Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Fedorivka, Polohy Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Fedorivka</a>, <a href="Yekaterinoslav_Governorate" title="Yekaterinoslav Governorate">Yekaterinoslav Governorate</a>, <a href="Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (Now <a href="Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">26 February 1939<span style="display:none">(1939-02-26)</span> (aged 48)<br><a href="Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Russian_Social_Democratic_Labor_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Social Democratic Labor Party">RSDLP</a> (<a href="Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>) <span class="nowrap">(1907–1918)</span> <br><a href="Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Russian Communist Party</a> (1918–1938)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data">Alexander Mechanics and Technical College</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Economist" title="Economist">Economist</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Vlas Yakovlevich Chubar</b> (<a href="Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Вла́с Я́ковлевич Чуба́рь</span>, <a href="Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Влас Якович Чубар</span>; 22 February [<a href="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 10 February] 1891 – 26 February 1939) was a Ukrainian <a href="Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> revolutionary and a <a href="Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> politician. Chubar was arrested during the <a href="Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Terror</a> of 1937–38 and executed early in 1939.

</p><p>The top Communist Party official in Ukraine during the <a href="Holodomor" title="Holodomor">1932–33 famine</a>, Chubar was posthumously held culpable for those events by a Ukrainian court in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2></div>

<p>Chubar was from an ethnic <a href="Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainian</a> peasant family.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was born in <a href="Fedorivka%2C_Polohy_Raion%2C_Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Fedorivka, Polohy Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Fedorіvka</a>, <a href="Yekaterinoslav_Governorate" title="Yekaterinoslav Governorate">Yekaterinoslav Governorate</a>, <a href="Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (now in <a href="Polohy_Raion" title="Polohy Raion">Polohy Raion</a>, <a href="Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Zaporizhzhia Oblast</a>, <a href="Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>). His parents were illiterate peasants who owned a small plot of land.

</p><p>He was arrested and beaten by gendarmes for belonging to a revolutionary group when he was 13 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After leaving school, he worked as a roofer. Chubar became a <a href="Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> revolutionary during the <a href="1905_Russian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1905 Russian Revolution">1905 revolution</a> and joined the <a href="Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> faction of the <a href="Russian_Social_Democratic_Labor_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Social Democratic Labor Party">Russian Social Democratic Labor Party</a> in 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-Movchan_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Movchan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a senior figure in <a href="Vesenkha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vesenkha">Vesenkha</a> in Moscow, and the Urals, in 1918–20.

</p><p>Chubar returned to Ukraine in 1920, where he held a succession of economic posts, including running the Don basin coal combine in 1922–23. He was a member of the Central Committee of the <a href="Communist_Party_of_Ukraine_(Soviet_Union)" title="Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)">Communist Party of Ukraine</a> in 1920–36, and of its Politburo. In 1922, Chubar was elected a member of the <a href="Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party</a>. On July 13, 1923, Chubar replaced <a href="Christian_Rakovsky" title="Christian Rakovsky">Christian Rakovsky</a> as Chairman of the Ukrainian <a href="Sovnarkom" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovnarkom">Sovnarkom</a>. The government headed by Vlas Chubar was approved by the <a href="Eighth_All-Ukrainian_Congress_of_Soviets" title="Eighth All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets">Eighth</a> (1924) and the <a href="Tenth_All-Ukrainian_Congress_of_Soviets" title="Tenth All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets">Tenth</a> (1927) <a href="All-Ukrainian_Congress_of_Soviets" title="All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets">All-Ukrainian congresses of Soviets</a>.

</p><p>In the early 1920s, Chubar tried to resist allowing Ukraine to be controlled from Moscow. In 1920, he objected to the appointment of a Russian, <a href="Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a>, as secretary of the Ukrainian communist party, claiming that he knew very little about conditions in Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-Movchan_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Movchan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Molotov was recalled after a year. In 1925, he objected to the appointment of <a href="Lazar_Kaganovich" title="Lazar Kaganovich">Lazar Kaganovich</a> who, like Molotov, was a trusted ally of <a href="Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, as First Secretary of the Ukrainian party.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When their relations reached the breaking point in 1928 Stalin recalled Kaganovich, whose replacement, <a href="Stanis%C5%82aw_Kosior" title="Stanisław Kosior">Stanisław Kosior</a>, was much more acceptable to Chubar and other Ukrainian leaders.

</p><p>Chubar became a candidate (non-voting) member of the <a href="Politburo_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Central Committee's Politburo</a> in November 1926 – the first, and for many years the only ethnic Ukrainian to reach this level. He supported Stalin in the struggle against <a href="Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> in the 1920s and made an "ugly speech" attacking Trotsky and others at the Central Committee session in October 1927 which resolved to expel them from the communist party.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Holodomor">Holodomor</h2></div>

<p>Chubar originally backed Stalin's decision to force peasant farmers to join collective farms. He was one of the speakers at a crucial session of the Central Committee in November 1929 who attacked <a href="Nikolai_Bukharin" title="Nikolai Bukharin">Nikolai Bukharin</a> and others who opposed forced collectivisation.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1930, he reported that 63 per cent of peasant households in Ukraine had been collectivised.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 February 1932, despite evidence that the policy was creating a catastrophic fall in agricultural output and mass starvation, Chubar and Kosior co-signed an order, “On Seed”, ordering regional, city and district party committees to deny any seed aid to Ukraine's collective farms. This was the first of three documents bearing this signature from which the Kyiv Court of Appeal reached its verdict that Chubar was complicit in genocide.<sup id="cite_ref-ruling_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ruling-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Chubar saw the impact of collectivisation for himself when he visited the countryside. On 10 June, he wrote to Stalin and Molotov on 10 June warning that "in March and April there were tens of thousands of malnourished, starving and swollen people dying from famine in every village."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few days later, with the backing of the Ukrainian Politburo, he sent a telegram to Moscow pleading for thousands of tons of grain to be sent to Ukraine. Stalin's response was that "Chubar is mistaken ... Ukraine has been given more than it should get. There is no reason to give more grain, and nowhere to take it from."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>His pleas for more grain angered Stalin, who gave Kaganovich and Molotov a written instruction on 2 July to go to Ukraine to deal with "Chubar's corruptness and opportunism" and hinted that both Chubar and Kosior would be removed from Ukraine. The Ukrainian Politburo met on 6 July. Kaganovich reported to Stalin that every member of the Politburo pleaded for a reduction in the quota of grain Ukraine was supposed to hand over, but he and Molotov "categorically refused".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a>, the following day, Chubar was quoted as having criticised heads of collective farms and other officials who accepted targets they knew could not be fulfilled, saying "it is wrong to accept an order regardless of its practicability" and then to justify the resulting chaos by saying it came from "orders from above".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet, after the Politburo session, Chubar and Kosior signed a decree “On grain procurements quota”, and arranged for the collective farms to be set a wildly unrealistic target of delivering 356 million <a href="Pood" title="Pood">pood</a> of grain. This was the second piece of evidence cited by the 2010 court judgement against Chubar.<sup id="cite_ref-ruling_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ruling-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In December, Chubar had another clash with Kaganovich, who complained that fines imposed on peasants who failed to deliver their quota of grain were not being collected. Chubar argued "weakly" that the peasants were so poor they had nothing that could be confiscated and sold.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overruled, he signed an order that penalised three entire regions – <a href="Chernihiv" title="Chernihiv">Chernihiv</a>, <a href="Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> and <a href="Vinnytsia" title="Vinnytsia">Vinnytsia</a> – that were accused of "maliciously" failing to fulfill their quotas by prohibiting the sale of potatoes, which inevitably caused starvation, which the 2010 court verdict described as "murder by famine" of Ukrainian peasants.<sup id="cite_ref-ruling_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ruling-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assessing his role in Holodomor, the historian Robert Conquest wrote: "Chubar, who had expressed doubt, or rather certainty that Moscow's policies would lead to disaster, nevertheless enforced them."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Great_Purge">The Great Purge</h2></div>

<p>In 1934 Chubar was transferred to Moscow. Though this was because Stalin no longer trusted him, he was appointed to a senior post as <a href="Deputy_Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union">Deputy Chairman</a> of the USSR <a href="Council_of_People's_Commissars" title="Council of People's Commissars">Council of People's Commissars</a> and Deputy Chairman of the USSR <a href="Council_of_Labor_and_Defense" title="Council of Labor and Defense">Council of Labor and Defense</a>. In February 1935 Chubar was made a full member of the Politburo. He briefly served as the Soviet <a href="People's_Commissar" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Commissar">People's Commissar</a> of Finance between August 16, 1937, and January 19, 1938.

</p><p>He supported Stalin loyally in the early stages of the <a href="Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Purge</a>. During the Central Committee plenum in February 1937 which sanctioned the arrest of Bukharin and other former opponents of collectivisation, Chubar made an inflammatory speech accusing them of "open counter-revolution", and calling Bukharin a "snake", and alleging that Trotsky and his supporters were "agents of fascism".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>This did not save him. In 1938 Chubar was appointed the chief of the <a href="Solikamsk" title="Solikamsk">Solikamsk</a> construction for the <a href="GULAG" class="mw-redirect" title="GULAG">GULAG</a> of <a href="NKVD" title="NKVD">Soviet Commissariat of Interior</a> and there he was arrested in June 1938. In 1956, the head of the communist party, <a href="Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a>, told delegates to the 20th Party Congress that Chubar's case had been handed to the notorious torturer <a href="Boris_Rodos" title="Boris Rodos">Boris Rodos</a>, who had orders to force a confession out of him.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The head of the <a href="NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a>, <a href="Lavrentiy_Beria" title="Lavrentiy Beria">Lavrenty Beria</a>, also arranged a confrontation in his office with Chubar's former colleague and neighbour, <a href="Nikolai_Antipov" title="Nikolai Antipov">Nikolai Antipov</a>, who had broken under interrogation and had testified against Chubar, who exclaimed: "I cherished this snake next to my heart. Provocateur!" Molotov justified Chubar's arrest, years afterwards, by claiming "He was with the rightists; we all knew it, we sensed it".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Chubar was executed in February 1939. The Soviet government cleared Chubar of all charges during the first wave of <a href="De-Stalinization" title="De-Stalinization">destalinization</a> in 1955.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Chubarivka" title="Chubarivka">Chubarivka</a>, the former name of several Ukrainian settlements named after Chubar</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100507013043/http://apcourtkiev.gov.ua/control/uk/publish/article?art_id=41962&cat_id=35857">"Web-портал Апеляційного суду м.Києва"</a>. <i>apcourtkiev.gov.ua</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apcourtkiev.gov.ua/control/uk/publish/article?art_id=41962&cat_id=35857">the original</a> on 2010-05-07.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMagocsi2010" class="citation book cs1">Magocsi, Paul R. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TA1zVKTTsXUC&pg=PA574"><i>A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. p. 574. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1442610217</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGeorges_Haupt1974" class="citation book cs1">Georges Haupt, and Jean-Jacques Marie (1974). <i>Makers of the Russian Revolution, Biographies of Bolshevik Leaders</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin. p. 115. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-04-947021-3</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Movchan-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Movchan_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Movchan_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMovchan" class="citation web cs1">Movchan, Olga Mykolayivna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Chubar_V">"ЧУБАР ВЛАС ЯКОВИЧ"</a>. <i>ЕНЦИКЛОПЕДІЯ ІСТОРІЇ УКРАЇНИ (Encyclopaedia of Ukrainian History)</i>. Інститут історії України (Institute of History of Ukraine, Ukraine National Academy if Science)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFR.W.Davies2003" class="citation book cs1">R.W.Davies (2003). Khlevniuk, Oleg V.; Rees, E. A (eds.). <i>The Stalin-Kaganovich Correspondence 1931–36</i>. New Haven: Yale U.P. pp. 26, 27. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-300-09367-5</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMedvedev1976" class="citation book cs1">Medvedev, Roy (1976). <i>Let History Judge</i>. Nottingham: Spokesman. p. 59.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFR.W.Davies1980" class="citation book cs1">R.W.Davies (1980). <i>The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia, volume 1: The Socialist Offensive, The Collectivisation of Soviet Agriculture, 1929–1930</i>. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard U.P. p. 158. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-674-81480-0</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFR.W.Davies" class="citation book cs1">R.W.Davies. <i>The Socialist Offensive</i>. p. 274.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-ruling-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ruling_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ruling_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ruling_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://holodomormuseum.org.ua/en/resolution-of-the-court/">"Kyiv Court of Appeal 2-A Solomyanska Street, Kyiv Ruling in the name of Ukraine 13 January 2010"</a>. Holodomor Museum. 16 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFApplebaum2018" class="citation book cs1">Applebaum, Anne (2018). <i>Red Famine, Stalin's War on Ukraine</i>. London: Penguin. p. 180. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-141-97828-4</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Stalin–Kaganovich Correspondence</i>. pp. 136, 137.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Stalin–Kaganovich Correspondence</i>. pp. 152, <span class="nowrap">155–</span>56.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFConquest1988" class="citation book cs1">Conquest, Robert (1988). <i>The Harvest of Sorrow, Soviet Collectivization and the Terror Famine</i>. London: Arrow. p. 223. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-09-956960-4</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFApplebaum" class="citation book cs1">Applebaum. <i>Red Famine</i>. p. 230.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFConquest" class="citation book cs1">Conquest. <i>The Harvest of Sorrow</i>. p. 328.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJ.Arch_Getty1999" class="citation book cs1">J.Arch Getty, and Oleg V. Naumov (1999). <i>Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932–1939</i>. New Haven: Yale U.P. pp. <span class="nowrap">384–</span>86. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-300-07772-6</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKhrushchev" class="citation web cs1">Khrushchev, Nikita. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/evans/HIS242/Documents/Speech.pdf">"Special Report to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ("The Secret Speech""</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Khrushchev's Secret Speech – Full Anotated Text</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGetty" class="citation book cs1">Getty, and Naumov. <i>Stalin</i>. p. 490.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/C/H/ChubarVlas.htm">Online biography at <i>Encyclopedia of Ukraine</i></a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Soviet_Union&#124;link=Soviet_Union_Ministers_of_Finance_of_the_Soviet_Union509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"></a></span></span> <a href="Ministry_of_Finance_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Finance (Soviet Union)"><span style="color:#F8B800;">Ministers of Finance of the Soviet Union</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000; color:#F8B800;">Head of Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Grigori_Sokolnikov" class="mw-redirect" title="Grigori Sokolnikov">Grigori Sokolnikov</a></li>

<li><a href="Nikolai_Bryukhanov" title="Nikolai Bryukhanov">Nikolai Bryukhanov</a></li>

<li><a href="Hryhoriy_Hrynko" title="Hryhoriy Hrynko">Hryhoriy Hrynko</a></li>

<li><a href="Arseny_Zverev" title="Arseny Zverev">Arseny Zverev</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a></li>

<li><a href="Arseny_Zverev" title="Arseny Zverev">Arseny Zverev</a></li>

<li><a href="Vasily_Garbuzov" title="Vasily Garbuzov">Vasily Garbuzov</a></li>

<li><a href="Boris_Gostev" title="Boris Gostev">Boris Gostev</a></li>

<li><a href="Valentin_Pavlov" title="Valentin Pavlov">Valentin Pavlov</a></li>

<li>Vladimir Orlov</li>

<li><i>Vladimir Rayevsky</i></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000; color:#F8B800;">Deputy heads of Finance<br>(1946–1992)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Alexei Poskonov</li>

<li><a href="Arseny_Zverev" title="Arseny Zverev">Arseny Zverev</a></li>

<li><a href="Vasily_Garbuzov" title="Vasily Garbuzov">Vasily Garbuzov</a></li>

<li>Alexei Poskonov</li>

<li>Vladimir Sitnin</li>

<li>Victor Dementsev</li>

<li><a href="Valentin_Pavlov" title="Valentin Pavlov">Valentin Pavlov</a></li>

<li>Nikolai Garetovsky</li>

<li>Vladimir Panskov</li>

<li>Vladimir Orlov</li>

<li>Andrei Zverev</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#CC0000; color:#F8B800;"><div>

<ul><li><span style="color:#F8B800;">Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic</span></li>

<li><span style="color:#F8B800;">Russian Federation</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers_of_Ukraine368" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prime_ministers_of_Ukraine368" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Prime ministers of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="List_of_prime_ministers_of_Ukraine" title="List of prime ministers of Ukraine">List of prime ministers of Ukraine</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="Ukrainian_People's_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic<br>(1917–1920)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Volodymyr_Vynnychenko" title="Volodymyr Vynnychenko">Volodymyr Vynnychenko</a></li>

<li><a href="Vsevolod_Holubovych" title="Vsevolod Holubovych">Vsevolod Holubovych</a></li>

<li>Mykola Sakhno-Ustymovych<sup><small>1</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Mykola_Vasylenko" title="Mykola Vasylenko">Mykola Vasylenko</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Fedir_Lyzohub" title="Fedir Lyzohub">Fedir Lyzohub</a></li>

<li>Serhii Gerbel</li>

<li><a href="Volodymyr_Chekhivskyi" title="Volodymyr Chekhivskyi">Volodymyr Chekhivskyi</a></li>

<li><a href="Serhiy_Ostapenko" title="Serhiy Ostapenko">Serhii Ostapenko</a></li>

<li><a href="Borys_Mykolaiovych_Martos" class="mw-redirect" title="Borys Mykolaiovych Martos">Borys Martos</a></li>

<li><a href="Isaak_Mazepa" title="Isaak Mazepa">Isaak Mazepa</a></li>

<li><a href="Vyacheslav_Prokopovych" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyacheslav Prokopovych">Vyacheslav Prokopovych</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Council of Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Yevgenia_Bosch" title="Yevgenia Bosch">Yevgenia Bosch</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Mykola_Skrypnyk" title="Mykola Skrypnyk">Mykola Skrypnyk</a></li>

<li><a href="Georgy_Pyatakov" title="Georgy Pyatakov">Georgy Pyatakov</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_Rakovsky" title="Christian Rakovsky">Christian Rakovsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Panas_Liubchenko" title="Panas Liubchenko">Panas Liubchenko</a></li>

<li><a href="Mykhailo_Bondarenko" title="Mykhailo Bondarenko">Mykhailo Bondarenko</a></li>

<li><a href="Mykola_Marchak" title="Mykola Marchak">Mykola Marchak</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Demyan_Korotchenko" title="Demyan Korotchenko">Demyan Korotchenko</a></li>

<li><a href="Leonid_Korniyets" title="Leonid Korniyets">Leonid Korniyets</a></li>

<li><a href="Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a></li>

<li><a href="Demyan_Korotchenko" title="Demyan Korotchenko">Demyan Korotchenko</a></li>

<li><a href="Nikifor_Kalchenko" title="Nikifor Kalchenko">Nikifor Kalchenko</a></li>

<li><a href="Volodymyr_Shcherbytsky" title="Volodymyr Shcherbytsky">Volodymyr Shcherbytsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Ivan_Kazanets" title="Ivan Kazanets">Ivan Kazanets</a></li>

<li><a href="Volodymyr_Shcherbytsky" title="Volodymyr Shcherbytsky">Volodymyr Shcherbytsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Oleksandr_Liashko" title="Oleksandr Liashko">Oleksandr Liashko</a></li>

<li><a href="Vitaliy_Masol" title="Vitaliy Masol">Vitaliy Masol</a></li>

<li><a href="Kostyantyn_Masyk" title="Kostyantyn Masyk">Kostyantyn Masyk</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Vitold_Fokin" title="Vitold Fokin">Vitold Fokin</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="Ukrainian_People's_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Government (in exile)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Andriy_Livytskyi" title="Andriy Livytskyi">Andriy Livytskyi</a></li>

<li>Pylyp Pylypchuk</li>

<li><a href="Andriy_Livytskyi" title="Andriy Livytskyi">Andriy Livytskyi</a></li>

<li><a href="Vyacheslav_Prokopovych" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyacheslav Prokopovych">Vyacheslav Prokopovych</a></li>

<li><a href="Oleksander_Shulhyn" title="Oleksander Shulhyn">Oleksander Shulhyn</a></li>

<li><a href="Vyacheslav_Prokopovych" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyacheslav Prokopovych">Vyacheslav Prokopovych</a></li>

<li>Andriy Yakovliv</li>

<li>Kostiantyn Pankivskyi</li>

<li><a href="Isaak_Mazepa" title="Isaak Mazepa">Isaak Mazepa</a></li>

<li>Stepan Baran</li>

<li>Spyrydon Dovhal</li>

<li>Symon Sozontiv</li>

<li><a href="Mykola_Livytskyi" title="Mykola Livytskyi">Mykola Livytskyi</a></li>

<li>Spyrydon Dovhal</li>

<li>Atanas Figol</li>

<li>Spyrydon Dovhal</li>

<li>Vasyl Fedoronchuk</li>

<li>Teofil Leontiy</li>

<li>Ivan Kedryn-Rudnytskyi</li>

<li>Teofil Leontiy</li>

<li><a href="Jaroslav_Rudnyckyj" title="Jaroslav Rudnyckyj">Yaroslav-Bohdan Rudnytsky</a></li>

<li>Ivan Samiylenko</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="Cabinet_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Ukraine">Cabinet of Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Vitold_Fokin" title="Vitold Fokin">Vitold Fokin</a></li>

<li><a href="Valentyn_Symonenko" title="Valentyn Symonenko">Valentyn Symonenko</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Leonid_Kuchma" title="Leonid Kuchma">Leonid Kuchma</a></li>

<li><a href="Yukhym_Zvyahilsky" title="Yukhym Zvyahilsky">Yukhym Zvyahilsky</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Vitaliy_Masol" title="Vitaliy Masol">Vitaliy Masol</a></li>

<li><a href="Yevhen_Marchuk" title="Yevhen Marchuk">Yevhen Marchuk</a></li>

<li><a href="Pavlo_Lazarenko" title="Pavlo Lazarenko">Pavlo Lazarenko</a></li>

<li><a href="Vasyl_Durdynets" title="Vasyl Durdynets">Vasyl Durdynets</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Valeriy_Pustovoitenko" title="Valeriy Pustovoitenko">Valeriy Pustovoitenko</a></li>

<li><a href="Viktor_Yushchenko" title="Viktor Yushchenko">Viktor Yushchenko</a></li>

<li><a href="Anatoliy_Kinakh" title="Anatoliy Kinakh">Anatoliy Kinakh</a></li>

<li><a href="Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a></li>

<li><a href="Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a></li>

<li><a href="Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a></li>

<li><a href="Yuriy_Yekhanurov" title="Yuriy Yekhanurov">Yuriy Yekhanurov</a></li>

<li><a href="Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a></li>

<li><a href="Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a></li>

<li><a href="Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a></li>

<li><a href="Serhiy_Arbuzov" title="Serhiy Arbuzov">Serhiy Arbuzov</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li>

<li><a href="Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li>

<li><a href="Volodymyr_Groysman" title="Volodymyr Groysman">Volodymyr Groysman</a></li>

<li><a href="Oleksiy_Honcharuk" title="Oleksiy Honcharuk">Oleksiy Honcharuk</a></li>

<li><a href="Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Denys Shmyhal</a></li>

<li><a href="Yulia_Svyrydenko" title="Yulia Svyrydenko">Yulia Svyrydenko</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> denotes acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="17th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_(1934–1939)225" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="17th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_(1934–1939)225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Inner_composition_elected_by_the_Central_Committee_of_the_17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner composition elected by the Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks)">17th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)</a> (1934–1939)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Andrey_Andreyevich_Andreyev" title="Andrey Andreyevich Andreyev">Andrey Andreyev</a></li>

<li><a href="Kliment_Voroshilov" title="Kliment Voroshilov">Kliment Voroshilov</a></li>

<li><a href="Lazar_Kaganovich" title="Lazar Kaganovich">Lazar Kaganovich</a></li>

<li><a href="Mikhail_Kalinin" title="Mikhail Kalinin">Mikhail Kalinin</a></li>

<li><a href="Sergei_Kirov" title="Sergei Kirov">Sergei Kirov</a></li>

<li><a href="Stanislav_Kosior" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanislav Kosior">Stanislav Kosior</a></li>

<li><a href="Valerian_Kuybyshev" title="Valerian Kuybyshev">Valerian Kuybyshev</a></li>

<li><a href="Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a></li>

<li><a href="Sergo_Ordzhonikidze" title="Sergo Ordzhonikidze">Grigory Ordzhonikidze</a></li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></li>

<li><a href="Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Anastas Mikoyan</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Anastas Mikoyan</a></li>

<li><a href="Grigory_Petrovsky" title="Grigory Petrovsky">Grigory Petrovsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Pavel_Postyshev" title="Pavel Postyshev">Pavel Postyshev</a></li>

<li><a href="J%C4%81nis_Rudzutaks" title="Jānis Rudzutaks">Jānis Rudzutaks</a></li>

<li><a href="Andrei_Zhdanov" title="Andrei Zhdanov">Andrei Zhdanov</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_Eikhe" title="Robert Eikhe">Robert Eikhe</a></li>

<li><a href="Nikolai_Yezhov" title="Nikolai Yezhov">Nikolai Yezhov</a></li>

<li><a href="Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="16th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_(1930–1934)225" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="16th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_(1930–1934)225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Inner_composition_elected_by_the_Central_Committee_of_the_16th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner composition elected by the Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks)">16th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)</a> (1930–1934)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kliment_Voroshilov" title="Kliment Voroshilov">Kliment Voroshilov</a></li>

<li><a href="Lazar_Kaganovich" title="Lazar Kaganovich">Lazar Kaganovich</a></li>

<li><a href="Mikhail_Kalinin" title="Mikhail Kalinin">Mikhail Kalinin</a></li>

<li><a href="Sergei_Kirov" title="Sergei Kirov">Sergei Kirov</a></li>

<li><a href="Stanislav_Kosior" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanislav Kosior">Stanislav Kosior</a></li>

<li><a href="Valerian_Kuybyshev" title="Valerian Kuybyshev">Valerian Kuybyshev</a></li>

<li><a href="Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a></li>

<li><a href="J%C4%81nis_Rudzutaks" title="Jānis Rudzutaks">Jānis Rudzutaks</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexei_Rykov" title="Alexei Rykov">Alexei Rykov</a></li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></li>

<li><a href="Sergo_Ordzhonikidze" title="Sergo Ordzhonikidze">Sergo Ordzhonikidze</a></li>

<li><a href="Andrey_Andreyevich_Andreyev" title="Andrey Andreyevich Andreyev">Andrey Andreyev</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Andrey_Andreyevich_Andreyev" title="Andrey Andreyevich Andreyev">Andrey Andreyev</a></li>

<li><a href="Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Anastas Mikoyan</a></li>

<li><a href="Grigory_Petrovsky" title="Grigory Petrovsky">Grigory Petrovsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Sergey_Syrtsov_(politician)" title="Sergey Syrtsov (politician)">Sergei Syrtsov</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_(1927–1930)107" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="15th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_(1927–1930)107" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="15th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">15th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)</a> (1927–1930)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nikolai_Bukharin" title="Nikolai Bukharin">Nikolai Bukharin</a></li>

<li><a href="Kliment_Voroshilov" title="Kliment Voroshilov">Kliment Voroshilov</a></li>

<li><a href="Mikhail_Kalinin" title="Mikhail Kalinin">Mikhail Kalinin</a></li>

<li><a href="Valerian_Kuybyshev" title="Valerian Kuybyshev">Valerian Kuybyshev</a></li>

<li><a href="Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexei_Rykov" title="Alexei Rykov">Alexei Rykov</a></li>

<li><a href="J%C4%81nis_Rudzutaks" title="Jānis Rudzutaks">Jānis Rudzutaks</a></li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></li>

<li><a href="Mikhail_Tomsky" title="Mikhail Tomsky">Mikhail Tomsky</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Andrey_Andreyevich_Andreyev" title="Andrey Andreyevich Andreyev">Andrey Andreyev</a></li>

<li><a href="Lazar_Kaganovich" title="Lazar Kaganovich">Lazar Kaganovich</a></li>

<li><a href="Sergei_Kirov" title="Sergei Kirov">Sergei Kirov</a></li>

<li><a href="Stanislav_Kosior" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanislav Kosior">Stanislav Kosior</a></li>

<li><a href="Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Anastas Mikoyan</a></li>

<li><a href="Grigory_Petrovsky" title="Grigory Petrovsky">Grigory Petrovsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Nikolai_Uglanov" title="Nikolai Uglanov">Nikolai Uglanov</a></li>

<li><a href="Karl_Bauman" title="Karl Bauman">Karl Bauman</a></li>

<li><a href="Sergey_Syrtsov_(politician)" title="Sergey Syrtsov (politician)">Sergei Syrtsov</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="14th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_(1926–1927)193" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="14th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_(1926–1927)193" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="14th_Politburo_and_the_14th_Secretariat_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Politburo and the 14th Secretariat of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">14th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)</a> (1926–1927)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nikolai_Bukharin" title="Nikolai Bukharin">Nikolai Bukharin</a></li>

<li><a href="Kliment_Voroshilov" title="Kliment Voroshilov">Kliment Voroshilov</a></li>

<li><a href="Grigory_Zinoviev" title="Grigory Zinoviev">Grigory Zinoviev</a></li>

<li><a href="Mikhail_Kalinin" title="Mikhail Kalinin">Mikhail Kalinin</a></li>

<li><a href="Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexei_Rykov" title="Alexei Rykov">Alexei Rykov</a></li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></li>

<li><a href="Mikhail_Tomsky" title="Mikhail Tomsky">Mikhail Tomsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a></li>

<li><a href="J%C4%81nis_Rudzutaks" title="Jānis Rudzutaks">Jānis Rudzutaks</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Felix_Dzerzhinsky" title="Felix Dzerzhinsky">Felix Dzerzhinsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Lev_Kamenev" title="Lev Kamenev">Lev Kamenev</a></li>

<li><a href="Grigory_Petrovsky" title="Grigory Petrovsky">Grigory Petrovsky</a></li>

<li><a href="J%C4%81nis_Rudzutaks" title="Jānis Rudzutaks">Jānis Rudzutaks</a></li>

<li><a href="Nikolai_Uglanov" title="Nikolai Uglanov">Nikolai Uglanov</a></li>

<li><a href="Andrey_Andreyevich_Andreyev" title="Andrey Andreyevich Andreyev">Andrey Andreyev</a></li>

<li><a href="Lazar_Kaganovich" title="Lazar Kaganovich">Lazar Kaganovich</a></li>

<li><a href="Sergei_Kirov" title="Sergei Kirov">Sergei Kirov</a></li>

<li><a href="Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Anastas Mikoyan</a></li>

<li><a href="Sergo_Ordzhonikidze" title="Sergo Ordzhonikidze">Sergo Ordzhonikidze</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="5th_Politburo_and_5th_Orgburo_of_the_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_of_Ukraine_(1920–1921)215" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="5th_Politburo_and_5th_Orgburo_of_the_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_of_Ukraine_(1920–1921)215" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">5th Politburo and 5th Orgburo of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine (1920–1921)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dmitry_Manuilsky" title="Dmitry Manuilsky">Dmitry Manuilsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Grigory_Petrovsky" title="Grigory Petrovsky">Grigory Petrovsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_Rakovsky" title="Christian Rakovsky">Christian Rakovsky</a></li>

<li><b><a href="Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a></b>

<ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;">secretary, relieved in July 1921</span></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Nikolay Ivanov

<ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;">relieved in July 1921</span></li></ul></li>

<li><b><a href="Feliks_Kon" title="Feliks Kon">Feliks Kon</a></b>

<ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;">full member in March 1921, secretary</span></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orgburo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dmitry_Manuilsky" title="Dmitry Manuilsky">Dmitry Manuilsky</a></li>

<li>Nikolay Ivanov</li>

<li><a href="Feliks_Kon" title="Feliks Kon">Feliks Kon</a></li>

<li><a href="Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a></li>

<li><a href="Dmitry_Lebed_(revolutionary)" title="Dmitry Lebed (revolutionary)">Dmitry Lebed</a>

<ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;">2nd secretary</span></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="4th_Politburo_and_4th_Orgburo_of_the_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_of_Ukraine_(1920)214" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="4th_Politburo_and_4th_Orgburo_of_the_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_of_Ukraine_(1920)214" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">4th Politburo and 4th Orgburo of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine (1920)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provisional<br>(March)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approved</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Stanis%C5%82aw_Kosior" title="Stanisław Kosior">Stanisław Kosior</a></b>

<ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;">secretary</span></li></ul></li>

<li>Aleksei Ivanov</li>

<li><a href="Nikolay_Bestchetvertnoi" title="Nikolay Bestchetvertnoi">Nikolay Bestchetvertnoi</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_Rakovsky" title="Christian Rakovsky">Christian Rakovsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexander_Shumsky" title="Alexander Shumsky">Alexander Shumsky</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elected</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><del><a href="Vasyl_Ellan-Blakytny" title="Vasyl Ellan-Blakytny">Vasyl Ellan-Blakytny</a></del></li>

<li><del>Aleksei Ivanov</del></li>

<li><del><b><a href="Nikolay_Bestchetvertnoi" title="Nikolay Bestchetvertnoi">Nikolay Bestchetvertnoi</a></b></del>

<ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;">secretary</span></li></ul></li>

<li><del><a href="Alexander_Shumsky" title="Alexander Shumsky">Alexander Shumsky</a></del></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politburo<br>(April)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Stanis%C5%82aw_Kosior" title="Stanisław Kosior">Stanisław Kosior</a></b>

<ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;">secretary</span></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Grigory_Petrovsky" title="Grigory Petrovsky">Grigory Petrovsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Yakov_Yakovlev" title="Yakov Yakovlev">Yakov Yakovlev</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_Rakovsky" title="Christian Rakovsky">Christian Rakovsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexander_Shumsky" title="Alexander Shumsky">Alexander Shumsky</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orgburo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Stanis%C5%82aw_Kosior" title="Stanisław Kosior">Stanisław Kosior</a></li>

<li><a href="Yakov_Yakovlev" title="Yakov Yakovlev">Yakov Yakovlev</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexander_Shumsky" title="Alexander Shumsky">Alexander Shumsky</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_of_Ukrainian_SSR_before_1938387" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Government_of_Ukrainian_SSR_before_1938387" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Government of <a href="Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a> before 1938</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Central_Executive_Committee_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Executive Committee of Ukraine">Chairman of VUTsVK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Yefim_Medvedev" class="mw-redirect" title="Yefim Medvedev">Yefim Medvedev</a></li>

<li><a href="Volodymyr_Zatonsky" title="Volodymyr Zatonsky">Vladimir Zatonskiy</a></li>

<li><a href="Grigory_Petrovsky" title="Grigory Petrovsky">Grigory Petrovsky</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First Secretary of the<br><a href="Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine">Communist Party</a> of the<br><a href="Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR (1918–1938)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Georgy_Pyatakov" title="Georgy Pyatakov">Georgy Pyatakov</a></li>

<li><a href="Serafima_Hopner" class="mw-redirect" title="Serafima Hopner">Serafima Hopner</a></li>

<li><a href="Emanuel_Kviring" title="Emanuel Kviring">Emmanuil Kviring</a></li>

<li><a href="Stanislav_Kosior" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanislav Kosior">Stanislav Kosior</a></li>

<li><a href="Rafail_Farbman" title="Rafail Farbman">Rafail Farbman</a></li>

<li>Nikolai Nikolayev</li>

<li><a href="Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a></li>

<li><a href="Feliks_Kon" title="Feliks Kon">Feliks Kon</a></li>

<li><a href="Dmitry_Manuilsky" title="Dmitry Manuilsky">Dmitry Manuilsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Lazar_Kaganovich" title="Lazar Kaganovich">Lazar Kaganovich</a></li>

<li><a href="Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="People's_Secretariat" title="People's Secretariat">People's Secretariat</a> / <a href="Council_of_People's_Commissars" title="Council of People's Commissars">Sovnarkom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Evgenia_Bosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Evgenia Bosh">Evgenia Bosh</a></li>

<li><a href="Mykola_Skrypnyk" title="Mykola Skrypnyk">Nikolai Skripnik</a></li>

<li><a href="Georgy_Pyatakov" title="Georgy Pyatakov">Georgy Pyatakov</a></li>

<li><a href="Fyodor_Sergeyev" title="Fyodor Sergeyev">Fyodor Sergeyev</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_Rakovsky" title="Christian Rakovsky">Christian Rakovsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Panas_Lyubchenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Panas Lyubchenko">Panas Lyubchenko</a></li>

<li><a href="Mykhailo_Bondarenko" title="Mykhailo Bondarenko">Mikhail Bondarenko</a></li>

<li><a href="Demian_Korotchenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Demian Korotchenko">Demian Korotchenko</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International Representatives <br> (until 1923)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Yuriy_Kotsiubynsky" title="Yuriy Kotsiubynsky">Yuriy Kotsiubynsky</a> (Austria)</li>

<li><a href="Voldemar_Aussem" title="Voldemar Aussem">Waldemar Aussem</a> (Germany)</li>

<li>Mikhail Levitskiy (Czechoslovakia)</li>

<li><a href="Mikhail_Frunze" title="Mikhail Frunze">Mikhail Frunze</a> (Turkey)</li>

<li>Mieczislaw Loganowski/<a href="Oleksandr_Shumsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleksandr Shumsky">Oleksandr Shumsky</a> (Poland)</li>

<li><a href="Yevgeniy_Terletskiy" title="Yevgeniy Terletskiy">Yevgeniy Terletskiy</a> (Baltics)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1398065#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1461" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1398065#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1461" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000022887694">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/35798871">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/93808">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwMDbQrv7hxctfK6qk4bd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/12617251X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82079238">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Čubar, Vlas Jakovyč"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20211127671&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810675391705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987010649647405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/1591153b-87ef-43f8-ae04-0c67d530aac2">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-02" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Vlas_Chubar&oldid=1288338427">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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